Rabirius immediately left Egypt and went back to Rome at the end of 54 BC. The Roman historian Cassius Dio wrote that a group of one hundred men were sent as envoys from Egypt to make their case to the Romans against Ptolemy XII's restoration. He also asked Pompey to come to Alexandria and help to put down a revolt which had apparently broken out in Egypt; Pompey refused. The identity of his mother is uncertain. King Auletes was born sometime during 100 B.C. He was more commonly known as. In 80 BC, Ptolemy XII succeeded Ptolemy XI to the throne of Egypt. However in 58 BC after he failed to comment on the Roman conquest of Cyprus, a territory ruled by his brother, he was forced to flee to Rome. To achieve this goal he was prepared to sacrifice much: the loss of rich Ptolemaic lands, most of his wealth and even, according to Cicero, the very dignity on which the mystique of kingship rested when he appeared before the Roman people as a mere supplicant. ), also known as King Ptolemy Auletes, was an Egyptian pharaoh during the Ptolemaic dynasty. He was killed while leading the Ptolemaic army… … Generally, descriptions of Ptolemy XII portray him as weak and self-indulgent, drunk, or a lover of music. His uncle, Ptolemy X, had left Egypt to Rome in the event there were no surviving heirs, making Roman annexation of Egypt a possibility. At the start of this war, Cleopatra III sent her grandsons to the island of Kos along with her treasure in order to protect them. BC He left the crown and kingdom of Egypt to his eldest surviving daughter, Cleopatra, and his elder son, Ptolemy XII, a lad of nine or ten years. Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator (Greek: Πτολεμαῖος Θεός Φιλοπάτωρ, Ptolemaĩos Theós Philopátōr "Ptolemy, God Beloved of his Father"; 62 BC/61 BC – prob. Many experts now identify Cleopatra VI with Cleopatra V.[55], Bust of Ptolemy XII housed at the Department of Greek, Etruscan and Roman Antiquities at the, Πτολεμαῖος Νέος Διόνυσος Φιλοπάτωρ Φιλάδελφος, sfn error: no target: CITEREFSullivan1990 (. Ptolemy reigned during the period of Hellenism. The Ptolemys coexisted as both Egyptian pharaohs as well as Greek monarchs. [41], In 55 BC, Ptolemy paid Aulus Gabinius 10,000 talents to invade Egypt and so recovered his throne. At some point during this period, probably in 81 or 80 BC, they were engaged to two of Mithridates' daughters, Mithridatis and Nyssa. However, he was forced into a civil war against his mother and brother, Ptolemy X, leading to his exile in 107 BC. [46][47] Ptolemy also permitted a debasing of the coinage as an attempt to repay the loans. Cleopatra rose to power by forging alliances with leaders of foreign nations in order to back her claim of the Egyptian throne. His reign was officially dated as having begun on the death of his father in 81 BC, thereby eliding the reigns of Berenice III and Ptolemy X. This title was probably meant to reinforce Ptolemy XII's claim to the throne in the face of claims that his parentage meant that he was an illegitimate son of Ptolemy IX and therefore not entitled to rule. Alternative Title: Ptolemy XII Theos Philopater Philadelphus Neos Dionysos Auletes. [24][25] Ptolemy XII continued this pro-Roman policy in order to protect himself and secure his dynasty's fate. Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator, (Greek: “Ptolemy the Father-Loving God”) (born 62/61—died 47 bc, near Alexandria), Macedonian king of Egypt and coruler with his famous sister, Cleopatra VII. Ptolemy XII Auletes - Wikipedia He was succeeded by his daughter, Cleopatra, and son, Ptolemy XIII, as joint rulers as stipulated in his will and testament. "Auletes" (The Flute Player), or "Nothos" (The Bastard). January 13, 47 BC, reigned from 51 BC) was one of the last members of the Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC) of Egypt.He was the son of Ptolemy XII and the brother of and co-ruler with Cleopatra VII. ), of the Macedonian dynasty, illegitimate son of Ptolemy IX Pt This inbreeding was intended to stabilize the family; wealth a… [64] The Greek historian Strabo (c. 63 BC – c. AD 24) stated that the king had only three daughters of whom the eldest has been referred to as Berenice IV. ), of the Macedonian dynasty, illegitimate son of Ptolemy IX Pt Auletes means pipes-player, and refers to his chubby cheeks (a Ptolemaic family trait ), like the inflated cheeks of a pipe-player. [23] The couple became co-regents and they were incorporated into the Ptolemaic dynastic cult together as the Theoi Philopatores kai Philadelphoi (Father-loving and Sibling-loving Gods). Ptolemy XII was generally described as a weak, self-indulgent man, a drunkard, and a music lover. The courtiers in Alexandria forced Ptolemy to step down from the thone and leave Egypt. The king had to imprison Rabirius to protect his life from the angry people, then allowed him to escape. [7][8][note 1] However, Chris Bennett argues that Ptolemy XII's mother was Cleopatra IV and that he was considered illegitimate simply because she had never been co-regent. [29] In return, a formal alliance or foedus was formed. [38][34] During this time, Roman creditors realized that they would not get the return on their loans to the king without his restoration. Historians report that Cleopatra had three sisters and two younger brothers. Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos (c. 100? The identity of the mother of the last three of Ptolemy's children, in birth order Arsinoe IV, Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator, and Ptolemy XIV, is also uncertain. After 115: Birth of Ptolemy XII Auletes, son of king Ptolemy IX Soter However, he was forced into a civil war against his mother and brother, Ptolemy X, leading to his exile in 107 BC. He was commonly known as Auletes (Αὐλητής, "the Flautist"), referring to the king's love of playing the flute in Dionysian festivals. [3] Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos Philopator Philadelphos (Koinē Greek: Πτολεμαῖος Νέος Διόνυσος Φιλοπάτωρ Φιλάδελφος, Ptolemaĩos, "Ptolemy New Dionysus, Father-lover, Sibling-lover"; c. 117 BC – before 22 March 51 BC) was a king of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Ancient Egypt. [1][2] Some scholars have therefore proposed that his mother was a concubine – probably an Alexandrian Greek,[3][4][5][6] but possibly a member of the Egyptian elite. The exact date of Ptolemy XII's restoration is unknown; the earliest possible date of restoration was 4 January 55 BC and the latest possible date was 24 June the same year. [7][20][21], On his arrival in Alexandria, in April 80 BC, Ptolemy XII was proclaimed king. 28 June 116: Death of Ptolemy VIII Physcon, who is succeeded by Cleopatra III. His old ally Pompey housed the exiled king and his daughter and argued on behalf of Ptolemy's restoration in the Senate. She was first briefly co-ruler with her father, Ptolemy XII Auletes and on his death became co-ruler with her brother Ptolemy XIII in the spring of 51 B.C.E. She was soon murdered by her cousin and co-regent, Ptolemy XI, who was then killed. Her father Ptolemy XII Aul… Ptolemy also provided pay and maintenance for 8,000 cavalry to Pompey for his war with Judaea. His mother is unknown. Ptolemy XII Auletes(117 BC-51 BC) was the Ptolemaic King of Egypt from 80 to 58 BC (succeeding Ptolemy XI and precedingCleopatra VI and Berenice IV) and from 55 to 51 BC (succeeding Cleopatra VIand Berenice and preceding Ptolemy XIII and Cleopatra). [50] According to the author Mary Siani-Davies: Throughout his long-lasting reign the principal aim of Ptolemy was to secure his hold on the Egyptian throne so as to eventually pass it to his heirs. Ptolemy XII was an illegitimate son of Ptolemy IX by an uncertain mother. [22] Her parentage is uncertain – modern scholarship often interprets her as a sister,[22] but Christopher Bennett argues that she was a daughter of Ptolemy X. Sons: Ptolemy XIII, Ptolemy XIV; Main deeds. [53] According to Strabo, his practice of playing the flute earned him the ridiculing sobriquet Auletes ('flute player'): Now all of the kings after the third Ptolemy, being corrupted by luxurious living, administered the affairs of government badly, but worst of all were the fourth, seventh, and the last, Auletes, who, apart from his general licentiousness, practised the accompaniment of choruses with the flute, and upon this he prided himself so much that he would not hesitate to celebrate contests in the royal palace, and at these contests would come forward to vie with the opposing contestants. Ptolemy IX meanwhile had been remarried to Cleopatra Selene, with whom he had a daughter, Berenice III. Learning from previous mistakes, Ptolemy XII shifted popular resentment of tax increases from himself to a Roman, his main creditor Gaius Rabirius Postumus, whom he appointed dioiketes (minister of finance), and so in charge of debt repayment. He is assumed to have been an illegitimate son of Ptolemy IX Soter, perhaps by an Egyptian woman. [11] If he was the son of Cleopatra IV, he was probably born around 117 BC and followed around a year later by a brother, known as Ptolemy of Cyprus. herself. Ptolemy XII (Ptolemy Auletes) (tŏl`əmē ôlē`tēz), d. 51 B.C., king of ancient Egypt (80–58 B.C., 55–51 B.C. Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos Theos Philopator Theos Philadelphos (Greek: Πτολεμαίος Νέος Διόνυσος Θέος Φιλοπάτωρ Θεός Φιλάδελφος, New Dionysus, God Beloved of his Father, God Beloved of his Brother) (117 BC – 51 BC) was son of Ptolemy IX Soter II. In 117 BC, Ptolemy IX was governor of Cyprus, but in 116 BC his father Ptolemy VIII died and he returned to Alexandria, becoming the junior co-regent of his grandmother Cleopatra II and his mother Cleopatra III. to 51 B.C. Taking a cue from Egyptian mythology and intermittent royal practice, the Ptolemies made a habit of incestuous marriages; unlike Egyptian norms, such … On the death of his father he was under the guardianship of Pompey. Increasingly, Ptolemy XII also had recourse to loans from Roman bankers, such as Gaius Rabirius Postumus. The boys were living in exile in Sinop, Turkey at the court of Mithridates VI, King of Pontus. She wants to rule with Ptolemy X Alexander, but the Alexandrines force her to accept Ptolemy IX Soter, who is fourteen years old, as co-ruler. – 51 B.C. With Roman funding and military assistance, Ptolemy XII was able to recapture Egypt and have Berenice IV killed in 55 BC. He died the next year and was succeeded by Cleopatra and her brother, Ptolemy XIII, as joint rulers. Upon the death of her father, Ptolemy XII Auletes, she had to share power with her indolent and insolent younger brother, Ptolemy XIII. He was king of Egypt from 80 BC to 58 BC and from 55 BC until his death in 51 BC. This unique characteristic was maintained through intermarriage; most often these marriages were either between brother and sister or even uncle and niece. He was killed while leading the Ptolemaic army against Julius Caesar … Soon before his death he chose his daughter Cleopatra VII as his coregent. Her mother remains controversial, but Cleopatra was known to have referred to Ptolemy Alexander as her grandfather, and therefore Ptolemy XII’s wife, Cleopatra V Tryphaena is the likeliest candidate. Ptolemy Auletes died in 51. Gabinius defeated the Egyptian frontier forces, marched to Alexandria, and attacked the palace, where the palace guards surrendered without fighting. She may have been the daughter of Cleopatra V Tryphaina, although Strabo 17.1.11 says only one of the daughters of Ptolemy was legitimate, and that not Cleopatra.Cleopatra married her younger brother Ptolemy XIII and after his death, married her younger brother Ptolemy XIV. [30][31][32], In 58 BC, the Romans took control of Cyprus, causing its ruler, Ptolemy XII's brother, to commit suicide. [63], The philosopher Porphyry (c. 234 – c. 305 AD) wrote of Ptolemy XII's daughter Cleopatra VI Tryphaena, who reigned alongside her sister Berenice. [44] On 31 May 52 BC his daughter Cleopatra VII was named as his coregent. [35] He was replaced by his daughter Berenice IV, who ruled jointly with Cleopatra Tryphaena, who is probably Ptolemy XII's former wife but may be an otherwise unattested daughter. So both of the women were killed and Auletes restored his reign. She was a daughter of Pharaoh Ptolemy XII Auletes. He ruled Egypt from 80 B.C. To safeguard his interests, he made the people of Rome executors of his will. Her father, known as Ptolemy XII or Auletes, was the king of Egypt. Ptolemy XII Theos Philopater Philadelphus Neos Dionysos Auletes, King of Egypt, approximately 112 B.C.-51 B.C. Shortly afterwards, Ptolemy XII was deposed by the Egyptian people and fled to Rome; his eldest daughter, Berenice IV, took the throne. One hypothesis contends that possibly they (and perhaps Cleopatra VII) were Ptolemy XII's children with a theoretical half Macedonian Greek, half Egyptian woman belonging to a priestly family from Memphis in northern Egypt,[56] but this is only speculation. Ptolemy XII, 61–47 B.C., king of ancient Egypt (51–47 B.C. To safeguard his interests, he made the people of Rome executors of his will. Ptolemy battled with Julius Caesar for control of Egypt but was defeated at the Battle of the Nile in 47 BCE. Take your favorite fandoms with you and never miss a beat. [27][24][28], The money required for these bribes was enormous. In Rome, Ptolemy XII prosecuted his restitution but met opposition from certain members of the Senate. Egypt came under increasing Roman pressure nevertheless. In 116 BC Ptolemy IX's father, Ptolemy VIII, died and he became co-regent with his mother, Cleopatra III. The early life of Cleopatra VII (r. 51 – 10 or 12 August 30 BC) of Ptolemaic Egypt began with her birth in early 69 BC to reigning pharaoh Ptolemy XII Auletes and an unknown mother (possibly Cleopatra V), and lasted until her accession to the throne by March 51 BC. In April 80 BC, Ptolemy XI Alexander II, the son of Ptolemy X, was installed as her co-regent, promptly murdered her, and was himself killed by an angry Alexandrian mob. The line had been founded by Alexander's general Ptolemy, who became King Ptolemy I Soter of Egypt. Ptolemy XII was recalled from Pontus and proclaimed king of Egypt, while his brother, also named Ptolemy, became king of Cyprus. Cleopatra III sent her grandsons to Kos in 103 BC. [9] This theory is endorsed by the historian Adrian Goldsworthy. One of the unique and often misunderstood aspects of the Ptolemaic dynasty is how and why it never became Egyptian. [22], In August 69 BC, Cleopatra V ceases to be mentioned as co-regent. [49] His will stipulated that Cleopatra VII and her brother Ptolemy XIII should rule Egypt together. "Auletes" (The Flute Player), or "Nothos" (The Bastard). [36][34], Taking his daughter Cleopatra with him, Ptolemy fled for the safety of Rome. She was the third daughter of Ptolemy XII of Egypt, a Greek born in Alexandria, Egypt. The Banquet of Cleopatra by Gerard Hoet, 1648-1733, via The J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles . [43] The exact date of Ptolemy XII's restoration is unknown; the earliest possible date of restoration was 4 January 55 BC and the latest possible date was 24 June the same year. The eldest of the boys was proclaimed king as Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos and married his sister, Tryphaena. Ptolemy XII was the oldest son of Ptolemy IX Soter. They were captured by Mithridates VI of Pontus probably in 88 BC, around the time Ptolemy IX returned to the Egyptian throne. [12] By 109 BC, Ptolemy IX had begun the process of introducing Ptolemy XII to public life. She was at that time the oldest child of Auletes, since two older sisters had died. This gave the Romans even more leverage over his regime and meant that the fate of Egypt became an increasingly immediate issue in Roman politics. Cleopatra VII, the daughter of Ptolemy XII Auletes (“Flute Player”), upon her father’s death uneasily shared the throne with her brother Ptolemy XIII. [26] This proposal failed in the face of opposition from Quintus Lutatius Catulus and Cicero. [19] Meanwhile, Ptolemy IX died in December 81 BC and was succeeded by Berenice III. [24], Finally, in 60 BC, Ptolemy XII travelled to Rome, where the First Triumvirate, composed of Pompey, Crassus, and Julius Caesar, had just taken power, in order to negotiate official recognition of his kingship. [37] On the way, he stopped in Rhodes where the exiled Cato the Younger offered him advice on how to approach the Roman aristocracy, but no tangible support. [12] Justin mentions that Ptolemy IX left two sons behind when he fled Alexandria.